past of modals

Past modals come in two forms. The first type is the easiest and usually requires only a simple word change: I can drive. (present ability)
I could drive when I was 16. (past ability)
I have to go to California. (present obligation)
I had to go to California. (past obligation)
Lenny will pay tomorrow. (future intention)
Lenny said he would pay tomorrow. (future reported from the past)

Past modals with have Some past modals can be formed by using have + the past participle of the main verb immediately after the modal. (should have, could have, would have, etc.)
However, since modals express possibility, intention, obligation, etc., they do not always indicate a definite tense. Therefore, when using past modals with have, special meanings need to be considered.
I should go to the funeral. (I feel an obligation to go-later)
I should have gone to the funeral. (I didn't go, now I regret it)
Lex might take Karen to the airport. (I didn't go, now I regret)
Lex might have taken Karen to the airport. (he must be on his way now
Lex could have taken Karen to the airport. (must likely he didn't/ He didn't had an
Lex would have taken Karen to the airport. (past fact-past obligation) excuse.
Otis didn't come to work yesterday. (conjecture about the past)
He had to take care of his children. (past obligation)
His children must have been sick. (conjecture about the past)

MODALS EXPLANATIONS

WATCH VIDEO FOR E XPLANATION OF MODALS. (Alan, Danitza y Armando)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bqm7RAQuaM&feature=related

past of modals 2

www.4shared.com/get/sM5T3oFQ/An_afternoon_at_home.html

PLEASE ENTER THIS PAGE, DOWNLOAD AND DO THIS EXERCISE AND SEND IT BACK TO ME AS A WORD DOCUMENT.

vocab unit 3

VOCABULARY UNIT 3
Productive-causing or providing a good result or a large amount of something
Thorough- careful
Motivated- a person with a reason for doing something.
Energetic-very active physically and mentally
Creative-producing or using original and unusual ideas
Sincere-honest; not false or invented.
Homebody-stays at home
Free spirit- just does what he/she wants.
A heartbreaker-a person who breaks up soon a relationship
A night owl-a person who stays out late at night.
Peaceful-calm, pacific
Driven-ambitious, with many plans about future
Easygoing-relaxed and not easily upset or worried
Assertive-direct; behaving or speaking in a strong, confident way
Unpredictable-changing so much that you do not know what will happen next
Optimistic-always believing that good things will happen
Nurturing-to encourage or support the development of someone or something
Systematic-done using a fixed and organized plan
Refined-very polite and showing knowledge of social rules
Introspective-thinking a lot about your own thoughts and feelings, in a way that is not always good for you

listen to explanation of present perfect tense

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xwrR3WeS9A

REVIEW UNIT 7&8
Match column A with column B
a) Competitive ____ people full of good ideas
b) Impulsive ____a person who hates to lose
c) Creative ____a person who does things slowly and safely
d) Careful ____one who doesn’t need help from anyone
e) Independent ____Mary does things without thinking

Accept or decline invitations.
Would you like to join me to the Pizza Peter Piter?
a. Sure, I’d love to. B. Sure, I can study tonight c. Yes, I’d like to surf

Would you help me to move from my apartment this weekend?
a. Sure, I can go with you to the beach b. Sorry, I will be out of town. c. Sorry, I’m busy tonight.

Complete the sentences
If I feel too thin. I should ___ a. lose keys b. gain weight.
If you need to do exercise(work out) ___ a. you join a theater c. lose weight
If you need to be more healthy, you should _____ a. quit running b. quit smoking

Describe a friend Ex: She’s tall and skinny. She has blue eyes and light curly hair. A little heavy.
Describe things you can do and you can’t. Ex: I can jump the rope. I can’t play tennis

Complete the sentences:
1. Police officers have ________jobs a. evil b. dangerous
2. A good _________ can make people to do the right thing. A. driver b. leader
3. Many people__________the work of Nelson Mandela a. peace b. admire
4. A really bad person is_______ a. strong b. evil

Write the verb in past tense. Sometimes will be negative.
1. Anna __________(want) to get a new car at the end of the year.
2. Claudia _________(be) at home last night.
3. My parents ___________(be/not) at the school meeting yesterday.
4. My family ______________(live) in that house.
5. Carlos and Susan _______________(study/not) for the English exam.
6. Mark___________________ (work) at Mc Donalds last year.

Choose would like or like for each sentence.
1. I__________________to be a successful doctor.
2. I __________ to practice basketball next summer.
3. I______________ to loose some weight.
4. I________ to cook on weekends.

present perfect

Present Perfect - Use

1) Result of an action in the past is important in the present
I have cleaned my room.
2) Recently completed action
He has just played handball.
3) Action beginning in the past and still continuing
We have lived in Canada since 1986.
4) together with lately, recently, yet
I have been to London recently.

Signal words
just, yet, never, already, ever, so far, up to now, recently, since, for
Form
have/has + past participle

PAST OF MODALS p. 42 world pass Student's book

P R E S E N T P A S T
ability: can could
giving permission: can/may could/was-were allowed to
necessity: must/have had to was, were required to
lack of necessity: dont/doesn't have to didn't have to
advice/regret: should should have
negative should't shouldn't have

examples:
I can play guitar (present) She could play guitar at age 8
She may go the party. She was allowed to go to the party
She must attend to the meeting He eas recquired to go to the meeting
They have to go to the airport first They had to go to the airport first.
You don't have to do all the exercises p.10 You didn't have to do all the reading.
Mary should take some medicine now. She should have taken some medicine
Charlie shouldn't make so much noise. He shouldn't have made so much noise.

repaso unit 5

REPASO UNIT 5 LESSONS 21-25
Put he adjectives in the correct order.
1. It’s a blue/ metallic / rectangular toy car.
2. It’s a cotton/ black / old fashioned / nice / jacket.
3. It’s a Chinese / old / round / wooden / beautiful table
4. It’s a gold / pretty / long / trendy / bracelet.
5. They’re brown / plastic/ cheap / ugly wallets.
6. It’s a modern / expensive / gold / beautiful necklace.
7. They’re antique/ cherry / amazing / Mexican / chairs.
8. It’s a back and white / old / cheap / useless / television.
9. It’s a modern / flat screen / pink / inexpensive / computer.
10. It’s a French / lovely / expensive / perfume.
Circle the correct response.
1. A: How would you like to pay?
B: a. I’ll pay cash.
b. That’s $20.
2. A: What size are you?
B: a. It looks great.
b. a medium please.
3. A: Can I have the receipt please?
B: a. That’s fine.
b. Certainly. Can I have the receipt please?
4. How do these plants look?
B: a. They match nicely.
b. Just great.

5. A: Do you need any help?
B: a. I’m just looking.
b. Let me have a look.

Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1. She mailed the letters two weeks ago.
2. My sister cleans her closet every Saturday.
3. The company sent the box to the wrong address.
4. Stephany bought three beautiful dresses.
5. They will give you time to decide.

Write the phrasal verb come (in/ over / across / out / up / down with/ in handy)
1. I was just looking around the flea market when I came_____________ this lovely antique music box.
2. My cousins will come _______________ after eight. I’ll be expecting them.
3. We were talking about best teachers and the name of Mrs. Elizabeth Harris came _________.
4. Shakira’s new record is coming ______________ next December.
5. Please come ________________. I’ll offer a cup of cocoa and a piece of cake.
6. The kids are _______________________ from that building.

order of adjectives

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL-qh3-dxlo

REPASO UNIT 4

English review for exam Unit 4 Luis Alonso and Almader do it.

MATCH THE DEFINITIONS WITH THE CORRECT WORD
1. Thinks about imaginary life. _______ . A visionary
2. Works for social or political change _______b. an escapist
3. Uninterested about everything _______c. an activist
4. An important problem or subject people discuss_____d. apathetic
5. To know that something exists or is happening _____ e. issue
6. Has positive ideas about the future ____ f. to be aware of

USE MODALS TO COMPLETE THE DIALOGUES
Can could must have to had to didn’t have to required to should
1. A: I’m graduating from my prepa next year, I don’t know if I will continue studyng.
B: In my opinion, you _________________ enter to UNISon. Then you will get a good job.
2. A: How was the conference yesterday?
B: Excellent! The best part is that I _____________________ to pay.
3. A:What governor did you elect last July?
B: I _______________________vote then I was out of the country.
4.A:It’s impossible to change the Hermosillo duty people.
B: I don’t agree. You _____________________make a difference. You just ___________ get involved.
5.A:He __________________completed his survey yesterday, but he didn’t.
B: I know he is so careless all the time.
6.Why ______________ we hired you for the professional practices?
B:Well, I ___________talk about systems. I’m taking a course on them.
7.A: _________call you tomorrow to discuss this matter?
B: I’m sorry, but __________________do it tomorrow. How about next Tuesday?
8.A:How’s work going? Did you_________________________work overtime to finish your report?
B: Yeah, I did. But I _______________go to work on Saturday. My boss gave me the day off.

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT WORD.

Horrendous enormous freezing boiling georgeous terrifying tiny

1. The weather at Montana was cold yesterday, and it’s even colder today. It’s _____________.
2. Michelle isn’t just beautiful, people think she’s just_______________________,
3. My apartment is small, but my cousin apartment is absolutely ______________.
4. Our house is usually too warm, but this sumer it was ____________________.
5. That movie isn’t just scary, I guess it’s _____________________.
6. The play wasn’t just bad. It was truly_________________________.
7. The office was big, but the new office is really________________________.

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT WORD.
1. When I was younger, I had a very ___________ life. I went to college and had two jobs.
2. “Adbuster is an example of __________________ against overconsumption.
3. Alpinism is ______________________that I’ve never try. I’m afraid of heights.
4. The new____________________ principal is just too strict.
5. My boyfriend is __________________for human rights.

UNDERLINE THE CORRECT WORD.
1. To carry a tradition means to stop / continue doing something from thepast.
2. A motivated person is determinted / unsure about something.
3. The circumstances of your life are the overall factors / people that influence your life.
4. A slacker is usually old / young people who don’t care about the world.

REpaso examen unit 4

PASSIVE VOICE EXERCISE

Example: Jack built a house. Passive voice: a house was built by Jack.


Alan teaches Geography.
People speak German in Austria.
The earthquake destroyed many houses.
Henry Ford invented the assembly line.
They hurt the bus driver.

1. Mr Jones watches the film.
2. The people speak English
3. He reads comics.
4. We play volleyball.
5. They sing the song.
6. I take photos.
7. She does the housework.
8. The policemen help the children.
9. He writes text messages.
10.The mother water the flowers.

passive voice explanation

past tense and present perfect sentences

PAST TENSE EXERCISE. MAKE THESE SENTENCES INTO PAST TENSE
1. Mike goess to the library at 7:30.____________________________________
2. Ms. Marshall writes the homework on the board._____________________________
3. Martin comes to the supermarkets in the morning.___________________________
4. Where does your brother loose his wallet?__________________________________
5.English is spoken in many countries as a second language.____________________
6.When is Karen fllying to Japan? _____________________________________________
7. Joanne doesn't find his exam________________________________________________
8. Sarah and Paul visit our family this summer._______________________________
9. Leo comes to Miami on December____________________________________________
10. Who makes this cake?____________________________________________________

PRESENT PERFECT EXERCISE. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES INTO PRESENT PERFECT.
eXAMPLE: that's the second dish that Karla has broken since she started to wash the dishes.
1. Mr Flores ______________________(teach)in this school since 1998.
2. Merlin _________________ (not hear) from his family somce last October.
3.The class began at 7 a.m. and it0s 7:30 and the students (notunderstand) the reading yet.
4. Many students _______________ already________(forget) the past tense verbs.
5. _________ you ______ (drive) safely .
6. Marla ______________(not/think) of her boyfriend in two days.
7. students believe that this semester they _______________(have) the best teacher.
8. No one ___________________ swim)across the Caribbean Sea yet.
9. After each trip my Dad ______________ (bring) a gift to my brothers and me.
10. ___________ you ever ________ (eat) octoppous?

ejercicio simple past- y present perfect